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For a spiral mode whose time to double amplitude is 25 seconds, roughly how long does an initial one-degree bank take to reach eight degrees if the aeroplane is left alone?

  • A.25 s
  • B.200 s
  • C.50 s
  • D.75 s

Answer: D

Eight degrees is three doublings from one, and each takes 25 seconds:

\[ t = 3 \times 25 = 75 \ \mathrm{s} \]

so a minute and a quarter. That arithmetic is why a divergent spiral is tolerated: the growth is exponential but so slow that any instrument scan catches it. 25 s allows one doubling, to two degrees. 200 s would be eight doublings and a bank past 250 degrees. 50 s reaches four degrees, which is two doublings rather than three.

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