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Consider the following statements about the lateral quartic.

1. The sign of its last coefficient decides spiral stability

2. Its largest negative real root is the roll subsidence

3. It contains two complex pairs on a conventional aeroplane

Which of the statements given above is or are correct?

  • A.1, 2 and 3
  • B.1 and 2 only
  • C.1 and 3 only
  • D.2 and 3 only

Answer: B

The first two are correct: the last coefficient carries the sign of \( L_\beta N_r - N_\beta L_r \), and the large negative real root is the roll subsidence. The third is wrong, because the lateral quartic holds one complex pair and two real roots, which is what gives three modes rather than two. Expecting two pairs imports the longitudinal structure into the lateral problem, and it is the single most common confusion on this topic.

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