Discussion
The short-period mode is best described as
Answer: C
The short period is a fast rotation of the aeroplane about its own lateral axis: angle of attack and pitch rate carry the motion, and forward speed has no time to change. The aeroplane is heavy and the mode lasts a second or two, so inertia in the surge direction holds the speed fixed. That assumption is what lets the mode be modelled with only the incidence and pitch-rate equations. A rapid speed change at fixed incidence is not a natural mode of a conventional aeroplane. The slow energy exchange is the phugoid, at the other end of the frequency scale. A non-oscillatory pitch departure is what remains once static stability has been lost, not the short period itself.
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