Discussion
The phugoid is often called a _____ mode because the aeroplane exchanges height for speed with the angle of attack barely changing.
Answer: A
The standard description is a constant-incidence oscillation. Because the aeroplane is trimmed and the elevator is fixed, incidence is held close to its trim value while the flight path angle, speed and height all swing. Constant attitude is wrong: pitch attitude changes through the cycle, and it is the near-equality of attitude change and flight path change that keeps incidence still. Thrust is normally constant during the manoeuvre but that is a test condition, not what names the mode. Energy rate is not constant either; it is the small negative average of that rate which damps the motion.
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