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Pilot-induced oscillation in pitch is most closely associated with

  • A.High elevator hinge moments alone
  • B.A short-period mode too close in frequency to the pilot's own response
  • C.An excessively long phugoid period
  • D.A large positive static margin

Answer: B

A pilot closing the loop around an aeroplane whose short-period frequency lies near their own bandwidth, roughly one to three cycles per second once lag is included, can drive a sustained oscillation that neither aeroplane nor pilot would produce alone. Added control-system lag makes it worse, which is why digital flight controls are scrutinised for it. A long phugoid period is a nuisance to trim, not a coupling risk, because it is far too slow to interact with a pilot's reactions. A large static margin raises frequency and generally helps. Heavy hinge moments make an aeroplane tiring rather than oscillatory.

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