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At a given altitude, as trim speed increases the two longitudinal modes

  • A.Both speed up in proportion to the speed
  • B.Both slow down in proportion to the speed
  • C.Separate further, the short period speeding up and the phugoid slowing down
  • D.Converge towards a common frequency

Answer: C

Short-period frequency rises with dynamic pressure while the phugoid's falls as \( \sqrt{2}g/u_0 \), so the two move apart. At 100 m/s the ratio might be twenty; at 250 m/s it can exceed a hundred. That widening separation is convenient, because it makes the two-degree-of-freedom approximations more accurate at high speed and least accurate at low speed, where a slow aeroplane's modes are closest together. The modes converging is the behaviour associated with an extremely aft centre of gravity, not with speed. The remaining options have one of the two trends inverted.

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