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The short-period oscillation of a conventional transport typically lasts

  • A.Less than a hundredth of a second
  • B.A second or two
  • C.About half a minute
  • D.Five to ten minutes

Answer: B

The mode is over in a second or two: with a natural frequency near \( 3 \ \mathrm{rad/s} \) the damped period is about two seconds, and a damping ratio around 0.5 means the amplitude halves within a fraction of one cycle. Half a minute would put it in the phugoid's range. Minutes are longer still, slower even than most phugoids. A hundredth of a second belongs to structural or control-surface dynamics, three orders of magnitude faster than any rigid-body mode of the whole aeroplane.

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