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The mode named by Lanchester, in which the aeroplane trades height for speed, is the _____.

  • A.Short period
  • B.Dutch roll
  • C.Spiral mode
  • D.Phugoid

Answer: D

Lanchester named the phugoid in 1908, taking the word from a Greek root he believed meant flight. It is the slow trade of potential for kinetic energy at nearly constant incidence, and his idealised analysis still gives the period to within a few per cent as \( T = \sqrt{2}\pi u_0/g \). The short period is the fast longitudinal mode and was not his. Dutch roll and the spiral mode are both lateral-directional, so neither can be an exchange of height for speed in symmetric flight.

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