Discussion
A flight test record shows the phugoid amplitude halving in 3 complete cycles. Using \( N_{1/2} \approx 0.110/\zeta \), the damping ratio is about
Answer: A
Rearranging, \( \zeta \approx 0.110/3 = 0.037 \), so under four per cent of critical. That is a typical figure for an unaugmented transport and just short of the 0.04 wanted for Level 1. The approximation drops the \( \sqrt{1-\zeta^{2}} \) factor, which at this damping changes the answer by less than a tenth of one per cent. 0.330 multiplies where it should divide. 0.110 is the constant returned unused. 0.003 is a decade adrift and would describe a mode that oscillates for the better part of an hour.
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