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Short-period damping ratios measured on four aeroplanes in a rapid manoeuvring task, for which Level 1 requires a damping ratio between 0.35 and 1.30.

AeroplaneDamping ratio
P0.28
Q0.55
R0.90
S1.10

Which aeroplane fails the Level 1 requirement?

  • A.P only
  • B.P and Q
  • C.S only
  • D.None of them

Answer: A

Only P, at 0.28, lies outside the band, falling short of the 0.35 lower bound and so achieving Level 2 rather than Level 1 for this characteristic. Q, R and S at 0.55, 0.90 and 1.10 are all comfortably within the band, and it is worth noting that the requirement has an upper bound as well: an overdamped short period above 1.30 feels sluggish and also fails, which is why S at 1.10 passing is not a trivial observation. Including Q would misread the lower bound.

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