Discussion
Assertion (A): Turbulence excites the short-period mode more readily than it excites the phugoid.
Reason (R): Atmospheric gusts carry significant energy at the frequencies of the short-period mode.
Select the correct answer from the options below.
Answer: C
Both statements are true and the second is the reason. Vertical gusts act directly on incidence, which is the short period's own variable, and the gust spectrum carries real energy at a few radians per second where that mode lives. So ride quality in turbulence is largely a short-period matter, and gust loads are computed with that mode in mind. The phugoid needs a sustained speed or height disturbance to build, which random turbulence supplies only weakly, so it is more often started by a control input or a thrust change than by the atmosphere.
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