Discussion
A damping ratio of exactly 1.0 in a longitudinal mode describes
Answer: D
A damping ratio of unity is critical damping: the two roots are real, equal and negative, and the aeroplane returns to trim as quickly as it can without overshooting. Below unity the motion oscillates, above it the aeroplane is overdamped and sluggish, which is why handling requirements put an upper bound as well as a lower one on short-period damping. An undamped oscillation is the zero-damping case. A divergence needs negative damping. And the boundary of static stability is set by the pitching moment derivative with incidence, not by a damping ratio.
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