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Evidence for the Earth's liquid outer core comes from the fact that :

  • A.S-waves do not travel through the core
  • B.A shadow zone for S-waves exists beyond 103° from the earthquakes focus
  • C.Both (A) and (B)
  • D.Neither (A) nor (B)

Answer: C

Both observations are evidence, so the answer is Both (A) and (B).

S waves are shear waves and cannot travel through a liquid, which has no rigidity. They are not observed passing through the core (A). As a result, seismographs more than about 103° from an earthquake record no direct S waves, the S-wave shadow zone (B).

The two facts together led Richard Oldham and Beno Gutenberg to conclude that the outer core is liquid. Since both statements are true and relevant, 'neither' and the single-statement options are wrong.

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