Discussion
In an ecosystem, flow of energy declines as it passes from lower to higher trophic level. This is explained by the following :
Answer: B
The decline of energy along a food chain is explained by the Second law of thermodynamics.
The second law states that in every energy transformation some energy is degraded into heat that can no longer do useful work. At each trophic level, organisms spend most of the energy they take in on respiration and lose it as heat, so only about 10 percent passes to the next level (Lindeman's ten percent law). That is why energy flow narrows from producers to top carnivores.
The first law says energy is neither created nor destroyed; it explains why the total is conserved, not why usable energy declines. Newton's second and third laws deal with force and motion, not energy flow in ecosystems.
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