Discussion
Consider the following statements :
Statement I : According to Bergmann's Rule, birds and mammals in colder regions tend to be significantly larger in body size than their conspecifics inhabiting warmer regions.
Statement II : A smaller surface area-to-volume ratio enables them to lose less heat to their environment compared to smaller animals, which have a larger surface area-to-volume ratio.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements ?
Answer: A
Both statements are correct and Statement II is the correct explanation for Statement I.
Bergmann's rule says that, within a group of related warm-blooded animals, populations and species in colder climates tend to be larger than those in warmer climates.
The reason is geometry. As body size increases, volume (and heat production) grows faster than surface area, so a larger animal has a smaller surface-area-to-volume ratio and loses relatively less heat through its skin. That is an advantage in the cold, which is exactly what Statement II says.
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