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Clownfish are vibrant reef fish that can be found in Indian Ocean and live in symbiosis with sea-anemones. Clownfish show a strong social hierarchy. If dominant female dies or is removed from the system, which of the following is most likely to happen?

  • A.Sea anemone will exhibit bioluminescence to attract new females.
  • B.Sea anemones will prey upon the males
  • C.Dominant male will change sex
  • D.All the clownfish will migrate and sea anemones will die

Answer: C

The dominant male will change sex.

Clownfish are protandrous hermaphrodites: they are born male and can become female. A group living in an anemone has one breeding female, the largest, and a dominant breeding male. When the female dies or is removed, the dominant male changes into a female and the largest non-breeding male rises to become the new breeding male.

Sea anemones do not attract fish with light or prey on their resident clownfish, and the group does not abandon its anemone.

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