Discussion
Which of the following conservation strategies do not directly involve community participation?
Answer: A
The strategy that does not directly involve community participation is the Demarcation of Wildlife Sanctuaries.
Sanctuaries are notified and their boundaries demarcated by the government under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. It is an administrative and legal measure carried out by the forest department, not one led by local people.
The other three are built on community participation: the Chipko Movement of the 1970s, in which villagers in the Himalaya hugged trees to stop felling; the Beej Bachao Andolan of Tehri Garhwal farmers to save traditional seeds; and Joint Forest Management, under which village committees protect forests in partnership with the forest department.
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