Discussion
A directional process of species replacement over a period of time in a community is termed as :
Answer: D
The process is succession.
Ecological succession is the orderly, directional replacement of one community by another in an area over time: pioneer species colonise, alter the conditions, and are replaced by later species through a sequence of seral stages until a relatively stable climax community is reached, as when bare rock passes through lichens and mosses to forest.
'Community change' is too vague and need not be directional. Competition is an interaction between species that can drive succession but is not the process itself, and climate change is a change in the physical environment, not species replacement.
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