Discussion
Indian spiritualism is very much similar to Western .................
Answer: A
Indian spiritualism is closest to Western idealism.
Both hold that ultimate reality is spiritual or mental rather than material. Indian spiritual traditions, especially Vedanta, regard Brahman or the self as the highest reality and the material world as secondary; Western idealism, from Plato to Berkeley and Hegel, treats ideas, mind or spirit as the true reality. In education, both stress self-realisation, moral and spiritual values, and the teacher as a guide.
Realism holds that the material world exists independently of the mind. Naturalism treats nature as the whole of reality. Pragmatism judges truth by practical consequences. None of these shares the spiritual emphasis.
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