Discussion
Ozone damage to vegetation typically appears as
Answer: A
Correct answer: Stippling of the leaf surface
Ozone enters the leaf through the stomata and oxidises the palisade mesophyll cells immediately beneath the upper surface, producing the characteristic fine stipple - small pale or bronze flecks on the upper leaf, with the veins unaffected.
The pattern distinguishes ozone injury from sulphur dioxide injury, which kills tissue between the veins in larger interveinal patches. Because ozone enters through open stomata, damage is greatest on well-watered plants in bright conditions - precisely when photosynthesis, and hence yield, is most active.
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