Discussion
Deposition of \( 22 \) kg of nitrogen per hectare a year falls on an ecosystem with a critical load of \( 12 \) kg. The exceedance is
Answer: B
Correct answer: 10 kg per hectare per year
Exceedance is the amount by which deposition exceeds the critical load:
\[ 22 - 12 = 10\ \mathrm{kg\ N\ per\ hectare\ per\ year} \]
The critical load is the deposition an ecosystem can tolerate without significant harmful effect, and it differs by ecosystem - a nutrient-poor heathland has a low one, a fertile woodland a higher. Mapping exceedance rather than deposition is what allows emission reduction effort to be directed where the ecological benefit is greatest.
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