Discussion
Sulphate aerosol exerts a radiative forcing of \( -0.4 \) W/m\(^2\) against greenhouse forcing of \( +3.0 \) W/m\(^2\). The aerosol offsets
Answer: B
Correct answer: 13.3 per cent
Express the aerosol forcing as a fraction of the greenhouse forcing:
\[ \frac{0.4}{3.0} \times 100 = 13.3\ \mathrm{per\ cent} \]
The offset creates an awkward policy interaction: sulphate aerosol has been masking part of the warming already committed, so reducing sulphur emissions - entirely desirable for health and for acid deposition - unmasks it. The two effects differ fundamentally in persistence, since aerosol lasts days while carbon dioxide lasts centuries.
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