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Which statement about the pH scale is TRUE?

  • A.The scale is linear in concentration
  • B.A change of two units is a doubling of acidity
  • C.Each unit is a tenfold change in acidity
  • D.Each unit represents a twofold change

Answer: C

Correct answer: Each unit is a tenfold change in acidity

pH is the negative logarithm to base ten of the hydrogen ion concentration, so each unit represents a factor of ten.

The consequence is that apparently small pH changes are large chemical ones: a fall from 6.5 to 4.5 is a hundredfold increase in acidity, enough to pass beyond the tolerance of most fish and to mobilise aluminium from catchment soils. Reading the scale as linear, or as a doubling per unit, badly understates what an acidification measurement means.

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