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Bringing two opposite charges together from infinity

  • A.releases energy only while the separation exceeds the dipole length
  • B.releases energy, the system energy being negative
  • C.requires work, the system energy being positive
  • D.requires no energy, the two contributions cancelling

Answer: B

They attract, so the field does the work and energy must be taken out of the system to keep them from accelerating. A bound system such as an atom therefore has a negative electrostatic energy relative to its separated parts.

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