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The steps of finding a field from a charge distribution by way of the potential are listed below. Put them in order.

1. Take the negative gradient   2. Write the potential of one element   3. Express the result in the coordinate system chosen   4. Integrate over the whole distribution

  • A.1, 2, 4, 3
  • B.2, 1, 4, 3
  • C.4, 2, 1, 3
  • D.2, 4, 1, 3

Answer: D

The scalar integration comes first because it is the easy step, and the differentiation is left to the end when a single function of position is available. Doing it the other way round means integrating vectors, which is the harder route.

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