Discussion
The apparent resistivity sounding curve representing the resistivity structure p1 > p2 < p3 < p4 of a four-layer Earth is :
Answer: A
The curve is an HA-type curve.
A four-layer curve is named by splitting it into two overlapping three-layer sections and naming each with the standard letters: H for a minimum in the middle (\(\rho_{1} > \rho_{2} < \rho_{3}\)), A for a steady rise (\(\rho_{1} < \rho_{2} < \rho_{3}\)), K for a maximum in the middle and Q for a steady fall.
Here the first three layers, \(\rho_{1} > \rho_{2} < \rho_{3}\), form an H curve, and layers 2 to 4, \(\rho_{2} < \rho_{3} < \rho_{4}\), form an A curve, so the curve is HA (the paper writes \(\rho\) as p). HK would need \(\rho_{3} > \rho_{4}\). KH and KQ both need \(\rho_{2}\) to be a maximum, which it is not.
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