Discussion
Which one among the following mixtures gives a buffer solution in water?
Answer: A
The buffer is \(CH_{3}COOH + CH_{3}COONa\).
A buffer needs a weak acid together with its conjugate base (or a weak base with its conjugate acid), so that added \(H^{+}\) is taken up by the base and added \(OH^{-}\) by the acid. Acetic acid is a weak acid and sodium acetate supplies its conjugate base, acetate.
Acetic acid with NaCl has no conjugate base, since chloride is the conjugate base of a strong acid and does not take up protons. NaOH with NaCl is a strong base and a neutral salt. NaOH with sodium acetate is a strong base plus a weak base, with no acid to absorb added base.
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