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An aqueous solution of which of the following has the highest pH value?

  • A.0.10 M \(\mathrm{HCl}\)
  • B.0.50 M \(\mathrm{H_{2}SO_{4}}\)
  • C.0.10 M \(\mathrm{NaOH}\)
  • D.0.5 \(\mathrm{MHCl}\)
  • E.0.01 \(\mathrm{MNaOH}\)

Answer: C

The highest pH is that of 0.10 M \(\mathrm{NaOH}\).

A higher pH means a more basic solution. NaOH is a strong base, fully dissociated, so 0.10 M NaOH gives \(\mathrm{[OH^{-}]} = 0.10\) M:

\[ \begin{aligned} \mathrm{pOH} &= -\log 0.10 = 1 \\ \mathrm{pH} &= 14 - 1 = 13 \end{aligned} \]

The more dilute 0.01 M NaOH gives pOH 2 and pH 12, so it is less basic. The three acid solutions all have pH below 7: 0.10 M HCl has pH 1, and 0.5 M HCl and 0.50 M \(\mathrm{H_{2}SO_{4}}\) are more concentrated acids with pH near or below 0.3.

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