Discussion
Calculate the pH of 0.001 M HCl solution.
Answer: A
The pH is 3.
HCl is a strong acid and ionises completely, so the hydrogen ion concentration equals the acid concentration:
\[ \begin{aligned} [\text{H}^{+}] &= 0.001 = 10^{-3}\ \text{M} \\ \text{pH} &= -\log 10^{-3} = 3 \end{aligned} \]
Each tenfold dilution raises the pH by one unit, so 4 and 5 would correspond to 0.0001 M and 0.00001 M acid. 'None of the above' is wrong because 3 is offered. The answer is below 7, as it must be for an acid.
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