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A liquid junction potential arises at the boundary between two solutions because the ions

  • A.carry charges of the same sign
  • B.diffuse across it at unequal rates
  • C.react chemically with one another
  • D.are at the same concentration on both sides

Answer: B

The faster ion runs ahead and leaves a charge separation that opposes further diffusion, and the resulting potential adds an unknown term to the measured EMF. A salt bridge of potassium chloride reduces it to a fraction of a millivolt.

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