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A pH meter must be calibrated with standard buffers before use because the electrode's

  • A.slope and asymmetry potential drift with age
  • B.response is unrelated to hydrogen ion activity
  • C.membrane conducts electrons rather than ions
  • D.reference half cell has no defined potential

Answer: A

A real electrode departs from the theoretical 59 millivolts and carries an offset that changes as the glass ages, so two buffers fix both the slope and the intercept. Calibration is the largest single source of error in routine pH work.

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