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The donor level in an n-type semiconductor lies

  • A.just below the conduction band
  • B.exactly at the middle of the band gap
  • C.just below the valence band
  • D.just above the conduction band
  • E.on the valence band

Answer: A

The donor level lies just below the conduction band.

In an n-type semiconductor, the pentavalent impurity atoms have a fifth electron that is only loosely bound. Its energy level lies a little below the bottom of the conduction band (about 0.01 eV in Ge and 0.05 eV in Si), so at room temperature it is easily excited into the conduction band.

Acceptor levels in p-type material lie just above the valence band. The donor level is not in the middle of the gap, on or below the valence band, or above the conduction band.

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