Discussion
Frank-Condon principle predicts large intensity spectral line for electronic transitions :
Answer: C
The intense lines are for transitions between the vibrational levels of two electronic states at a constant internuclear separation.
The Franck-Condon principle (spelt 'Frank-Condon' in the paper) says that an electronic transition is so fast compared with nuclear motion that the nuclei do not move during it. Transitions are therefore vertical on a potential energy diagram, at fixed internuclear distance, and the strongest lines join vibrational levels of the two electronic states whose wave functions overlap most at that distance.
Monoatomic gases have no vibrational structure. Transitions within one electronic state are vibrational, not electronic, transitions. The v = 0 to v = 0 line is strongest only when the two potential curves have nearly the same equilibrium separation, so it is not the general rule.
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