Discussion
Let P, Q and R be three different nuclei. Which one of the following nuclear processes is possible?
Answer: A
The possible process is \(\nu_{e} + {}_{z}P^{A} \rightarrow {}_{z+1}Q^{A} + e^{-}\).
This is neutrino capture, the inverse of beta decay: inside the nucleus a neutron absorbs the electron neutrino and turns into a proton, emitting an electron (νe + n → p + e-). Charge is conserved (0 + z = z + 1 - 1), the mass number is unchanged, and the lepton number (+1 on both sides) and electron flavour are conserved.
Producing a positron with a neutrino would violate lepton number: the left side has +1 and the right side -1. Creating an e+e- pair leaves the neutrino's lepton number unaccounted for, and the last option destroys the neutrino and creates only a photon, again violating lepton number.
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