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Port-mapped I/O requires

  • A.the compiler to generate no memory accesses at all
  • B.separate instructions and a separate address space for peripherals
  • C.the peripheral registers to be placed at the top of memory
  • D.a direct memory access controller to move each value

Answer: B

The x86 family's IN and OUT instructions are the familiar example, and the separate space leaves the whole memory map for memory. Almost every modern embedded core is memory-mapped instead, which is simpler to program and to describe in a header file.

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