Discussion
Under whose advice can the President of India declare Emergency under Article 352 ?
Answer: C
The President declares Emergency on the advice of the Union Cabinet.
The 44th Amendment (1978) added that a proclamation under Article 352 can be issued only when the decision of the Union Cabinet (the Prime Minister and the Cabinet-rank ministers) is communicated to the President in writing. This was a response to the 1975 Emergency, which was proclaimed on the Prime Minister's advice alone.
So the Prime Minister alone is not enough, the wider Council of Ministers is not specified, and the Chief Ministers have no role.
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