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Which definition applies to a defeat device?

  • A.Any element of design that senses conditions and reduces the effectiveness of the control system outside the test
  • B.Any element reducing the effectiveness of emissions control
  • C.A physical component fitted to the vehicle, which alters the emissions and is therefore prohibited by regulation
  • D.Nothing

Answer: B

The definition covers software as well as hardware. The last option states it precisely, which makes it a correct and more accurate version. That breadth is what made the prohibition effective. Naming the cost of a choice alongside its benefit is what turns a fact into a design decision. The order in which the effects act is what decides the outcome, so it is worth establishing first. Working the distinction through on a single concrete case fixes it more firmly than any rule of thumb.

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