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For a fixed tail volume coefficient, doubling the tail arm allows the tail area to be

  • A.Doubled
  • B.Quadrupled
  • C.Left unchanged
  • D.Halved

Answer: D

Correct answer: Halved

The tail volume coefficient is proportional to the product \( S_H l_H \), so holding it constant means that product is fixed:

\[ S_H \propto \frac{1}{l_H} \]

Doubling the arm therefore halves the area required. This is the fundamental trade in empennage sizing, and it is not free either way: a longer arm means more rear fuselage structure and weight, while a larger area means more wetted area and drag. The optimum depends on the fuselage the aircraft has anyway, which is why long-fuselage aircraft carry proportionately small tails.

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