Discussion
The download carried by a conventional tail in trimmed level flight means the wing must generate
Answer: C
Correct answer: More lift than the aircraft's weight
A conventional tail trims a nose-down wing pitching moment by pushing down, and the wing must then carry both the weight and that download:
\[ L_{wing} = W + L_{tail,\,down} \]
So a 500 kN aircraft with a 25 kN download needs 525 kN of wing lift. The extra lift costs extra induced drag, which is the trim drag penalty of a conventional tail - and the reason a canard, which trims with an upload, is attractive in principle, though it brings difficulties of its own.
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