Discussion
For a given tail area, increasing the tail's aspect ratio generally
Answer: D
Correct answer: Increases its lift-curve slope
Lift-curve slope rises with aspect ratio, because a longer, narrower surface loses less lift to the trailing vortices at its tips. For a straight wing the finite-wing relation is
\[ a = \frac{a_0}{1 + a_0/(\pi e A\!R)} \]
which approaches the two-dimensional value as \( A\!R \) grows. A higher slope means more tail force per degree of angle of attack, so a slender tail is more effective per unit area - but it is also structurally heavier for the same area, which is what limits the aspect ratio in practice.
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