Discussion
A fin has an area of \( 20 \) m\(^2\) and a rudder covering \( 30 \) per cent of the chord over the full span. The rudder area is
Answer: C
Correct answer: 6.0 m\(^2\)
The rudder covers 30 per cent of the chord over the full span, so it takes 30 per cent of the fin area:
\[ S_r = 0.30 \times 20 = 6.0\ \mathrm{m^2} \]
Chord ratios in that range are typical, and the reason is diminishing returns: control effectiveness rises with chord ratio but less than proportionately, while hinge moments and actuator loads rise steeply. Beyond roughly 40 per cent, an all-moving surface becomes the better arrangement than a larger flap on a fixed fin.
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