Discussion
Consider the following pairs of design change and its effect on the neutral point:
Increasing horizontal tail area - Moves aft
Increasing the tail arm - Moves aft
Adding a canard foreplane - Moves forward
Increasing the fin area - Moves aft
How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?
Answer: C
Correct answer: Only three
The first three are right. More tail area and a longer tail arm both increase the tail's stabilising contribution, moving the neutral point aft; a canard sits ahead of the centre of gravity and moves it forward.
The fourth confuses the axes. The fin generates side force and governs directional stability - the yawing plane - and has no effect on the neutral point, which is a longitudinal quantity concerning pitch. The directional counterpart is the yawing moment derivative, which fin area certainly does affect.
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