Discussion
Three of the following move the neutral point aft. Which does not?
Adding a canard foreplane
Increasing horizontal tail area
Increasing the tail arm
Increasing the tailplane's aspect ratio
Answer: B
Correct answer: Adding a canard foreplane
A canard sits ahead of the centre of gravity, so its lift in a disturbance increases the angle of attack rather than reducing it. Its contribution to the pitching moment derivative is destabilising, and it moves the neutral point forward.
The other three all move it aft by increasing the tail's stabilising contribution: more area, a longer arm, and a higher aspect ratio giving a steeper lift-curve slope and so more force per degree. This is why a canard aircraft needs a forward centre of gravity range, and why its foreplane is often deliberately stalled first.
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