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Consider the following statements about T-tails:

1. The tailplane operates in cleaner flow than a conventional low tail.

2. The fin must be structurally heavier.

3. They are immune to deep stall.

Which of the statements given above is or are correct?

  • A.1 and 3 only
  • B.2 and 3 only
  • C.1, 2 and 3
  • D.1 and 2 only

Answer: D

Correct answer: 1 and 2 only

The first two are correct. A T-tail sits above the wing's downwash and wake and clear of rear-fuselage engine efflux, so it works in cleaner air; and its fin must carry the tailplane's loads down its full height, so it is structurally heavier.

The third is the opposite of the truth. The T-tail is the configuration most at risk of deep stall, precisely because a high tailplane can be blanketed by the wing wake at extreme angle of attack - which is why such aircraft carry stick pushers.

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