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A student claims the vertical tail volume coefficient should be normalised on the mean aerodynamic chord. This is

  • A.Correct only for T-tails
  • B.Wrong, since yawing moments are referred to the span
  • C.Correct for all aircraft
  • D.Correct only for swept wings

Answer: B

Correct answer: Wrong, since yawing moments are referred to the span

The reference length must match the moments the surface produces. The fin generates yawing and rolling moments, and both are non-dimensionalised on the span, just as pitching moments are on the mean aerodynamic chord.

Using the chord for the vertical coefficient would give a number that could not be compared with any published data and would carry no consistent meaning. The rule is general - it holds for every configuration and every wing planform - so the options qualifying it by tail type or sweep are wrong for that reason too.

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