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A battery management system is essential in a lithium ion pack chiefly to

  • A.convert the direct current output to alternating current
  • B.match the pack's impedance to the load
  • C.measure the energy delivered for billing purposes
  • D.keep every cell within its safe voltage and temperature

Answer: D

Correct answer: keep every cell within its safe voltage and temperature

Lithium ion cells tolerate no abuse: overcharging drives lithium plating and can lead to thermal runaway, over-discharging damages the electrodes irreversibly, and both are made worse by heat. In a series string the weakest cell reaches its limit first, so the management system monitors each cell individually, balances them, limits current and temperature, and disconnects the pack if any parameter goes out of range. It is a safety system, not merely a performance one.

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