Discussion
A thermocouple produces an output that depends on
Answer: B
Correct answer: The temperature difference between the hot and cold junctions
A thermocouple is a junction of two dissimilar metals, and the Seebeck effect generates an electromotive force proportional to the temperature difference between that junction and the reference junction at the instrument.
It follows that the absolute temperature of the hot junction cannot be known from the output alone - the cold junction temperature must be known too, which is why cold junction compensation is built into every installation. Note also that the device is self-generating: it needs no excitation current, unlike a resistance thermometer, which is measured by passing a current through it.
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