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Which vertical motion does poleward flow along such a surface produce?

  • A.Ascent during the summer and descent during the winter, according to the direction of the temperature gradient
  • B.Ascent
  • C.Descent, since the surfaces slope downward towards the pole where the air is colder and therefore denser
  • D.No vertical motion

Answer: B

Because the surfaces rise polewards, a parcel confined to one and moving polewards must rise. Equatorward flow correspondingly descends. This gives the same answer as the omega equation but by a much more direct route that also displays the trajectory the parcel actually follows, which is why isentropic analysis remains a valued diagnostic tool. Reading the definition literally, rather than recalling a formula, is the reliable route through questions of this shape.

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