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Which principle allows the flow to be recovered from potential vorticity?

  • A.The second law
  • B.Geostrophic balance, which relates the horizontal pressure gradient to the Coriolis force at a single level
  • C.Invertibility given a balance condition and boundary values
  • D.Conservation, which means only that the quantity does not change as the parcel moves along its trajectory

Answer: C

Given a balance condition and suitable boundary values, the distribution of potential vorticity determines the wind and temperature fields throughout the domain. Conservation and invertibility together are what make the quantity so powerful, and neither alone would suffice. Geostrophic balance is one of the balance conditions that may be used in performing the inversion. Most errors here come from carrying a result across from a neighbouring case where it does not hold.

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