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Which second law statement constrains atmospheric processes?

  • A.The internal energy of an ideal gas depends only upon its temperature and not upon the volume it occupies
  • B.The entropy of an isolated system cannot decrease
  • C.The total energy of an isolated system remains constant during every process occurring within it at all times
  • D.Heat is a form of energy

Answer: B

The second law places a direction on natural processes that the first law does not supply, forbidding heat from flowing spontaneously from cold to hot and limiting the efficiency of any engine. The other statements listed are the first law and two properties of ideal gases. Distinguishing what each law forbids is essential when reasoning about atmospheric energy conversions. The shared properties explain why these belong to one family, and the differences explain why more than one exists.

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